Magnitude, response, and psychological determinants of placebo effects in chronic low-back pain
"This study demonstrated very large response to placebo injections, both response rate (78%) and magnitude (effect size d = 1.85). Expectation and anxiety were important modulators of response to placebo in this setting, with support given to expectation as a dynamic modulator of placebo responses. Large response to placebo (both in rate and magnitude) was observed when participants reported the belief that they were in the placebo arm. This study demonstrated large placebo responses in the context of injections for low-back pain and further characterised the importance of expectation and anxiety as important psychological mediators."
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