Physical Activity and Diet Shape the Immune System during Aging Taken together, there is insufficient evidence to draw clear conclusions for specific dietary preferences based on gut and systemic immune functioning. Gut microbiota could represent a fundamental transducer of pro-anabolic stimuli from dietary intake to skeletal muscle [124]. On the other hand, exercise is an effective strategy for supporting successful immune aging and decreasing the risk of maladaptive immune aging. In this regard, regular endurance exercise seems to be the most promising approach to counteracting cellular immunosenescence and inflammaging.
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