Combined impact of lifestyle factors on low back pain: A cross-sectional study of over 400,000 Japanese adults In summary, we investigated the combined effects of multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors on LBP among more than 400,000 Japanese adults. Our results indicated that the accumulation of unhealthy lifestyle factors was associated with increased LBP, and this was consistent across age and BMI status. These findings may provide important implications for the better prevention and management of LBP considering modifiable lifestyle factors.
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