Does Experimental Low Back Pain Change Posteroanterior Lumbar Spinal Stiffness and Trunk Muscle Activity? A Randomized Crossover Study While previous clinical research reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between spinal stiffness and low back pain, our study revealed that experimental pain caused temporary increases in spinal stiffness and concurrent trunk muscle co-contraction during indentation, which helps explain the temporal relation between spinal stiffness and low back pain observed in some clinical studies. Our results substantiate the role of spinal stiffness assessments in monitoring back pain progression.
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