Lower-Limb Factors Associated with Balance and Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Clinical Synthesis.
"The systematic review consisted of 81 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Our results reflect a narrative review of the appraised literature for 8 pathways of lower-limb related influences on fall-risk in older adults. Six out of the eight pathways, including range of motion, orthoses, strength, footwear, pain, and deformity support a direct link with fall-risk. The two other pathways, including plantar skin/soft-tissue and sensory-loss, are connected via intermediate factors but lack studies that provide evidence of a direct link. The overall strength of the evidence available varied considerably for the 8 pathways presented. Conclusions: Findings provide much needed guidance supporting the identification and management of lower-limb and footwear-related influences on fall risk among older adults. Due to the lack or low quality of the evidence in specific areas, some recommendations should be applied with caution until more robust evidence is available.
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