"These data support the proposal that macrophages and TNF (pro-inflammatory cytokine) play an active role in the subacute/early chronic phase of remodeling in muscle, adipose and connective tissues of the multifidus during IVD degeneration. This presents a novel target for treatment."
Macrophage polarization contributes to local inflammation and structural change in the multifidus muscle after intervertebral disc injury
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