The Evolving Role of Gut Microbiota in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Overview of the Current Knowledge In conclusion, in the current review we have provided a focused summary of the latest literature on the potential role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of IBS and discussed the translation of microbiota-modifying strategies as a novel therapeutic option for this disorder (Figure 1). There is strong growing evidence supporting microbiome-based therapeutic approaches with dietary intervention, probiotics, prebiotics, non-absorbable antibiotics, and FMTs for the treatment of IBS (Table 1). Nonetheless, more knowledge is needed to better address the role of microbiome-based therapeutic interventions in the clinical management of IBS. Several future microbiome-based therapeutic options are being explored and investigated, including genetic engineering of bacteria, personalized microbiota manipulation, postbiotics, and bacteriophage therapy.
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